#trihybrid-cross-calculator {
max-width: 600px;
margin: 20px auto;
padding: 15px;
background: #fff;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ‘Arial’, sans-serif;
color: #333;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
h2 {
text-align: center;
margin: 0 0 15px;
font-size: 1.4rem;
line-height: 1.2;
color: #333;
}
p {
text-align: center;
color: #666;
font-size: 14px;
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.form-group {
margin-bottom: 15px;
position: relative;
}
label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 5px;
font-size: 0.9rem;
font-weight: 600;
}
input[type=”text”], select {
width: 100%;
padding: 8px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 3px;
font-size: 0.9rem;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
select:focus, input:focus {
border-color: #0073aa;
outline: none;
}
.tooltip {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
margin-left: 5px;
}
.tooltip .tooltip-text {
visibility: hidden;
width: 180px;
background: #333;
color: #fff;
text-align: center;
border-radius: 3px;
padding: 5px;
position: absolute;
z-index: 10;
bottom: 125%;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
opacity: 0;
transition: opacity 0.3s;
font-size: 0.75rem;
}
.tooltip:hover .tooltip-text {
visibility: visible;
opacity: 1;
}
.button-group {
display: flex;
gap: 10px;
justify-content: center;
margin-top: 15px;
}
button {
padding: 8px 16px;
border: none;
border-radius: 3px;
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 0.9rem;
background: #0073aa;
color: #fff;
}
button:hover {
background: #005177;
}
#reset-btn {
background: #6c757d;
}
#reset-btn:hover {
background: #5a6268;
}
#copy-btn {
background: #28a745;
}
#copy-btn:hover {
background: #218838;
}
#result {
margin-top: 15px;
padding: 10px;
border-radius: 3px;
font-size: 0.9rem;
line-height: 1.4;
min-height: 20px;
}
#result.success {
background: #e6f4ea;
border: 1px solid #28a745;
}
#result.error {
background: #f8d7da;
border: 1px solid #dc3545;
}
.punnett-table {
width: 100%;
border-collapse: collapse;
margin-top: 10px;
}
.punnett-table th, .punnett-table td {
padding: 6px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
text-align: center;
font-size: 0.8rem;
}
.punnett-table th {
background: #f8f9fa;
font-weight: 600;
}
.punnett-table td.dominant {
background: #d4edda;
}
.punnett-table td.recessive {
background: #f8d7da;
}
.ratio-table {
width: 100%;
border-collapse: collapse;
margin-top: 10px;
}
.ratio-table th, .ratio-table td {
padding: 8px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
text-align: left;
font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.ratio-table th {
background: #f8f9fa;
font-weight: 600;
}
noscript {
display: block;
color: #dc3545;
text-align: center;
margin-top: 10px;
font-size: 0.9rem;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
#trihybrid-cross-calculator {
margin: 10px;
padding: 10px;
}
h2 {
font-size: 1.2rem;
}
.button-group {
flex-direction: column;
}
button {
width: 100%;
}
.punnett-table th, .punnett-table td {
font-size: 0.65rem;
padding: 4px;
}
.ratio-table th, .ratio-table td {
font-size: 0.8rem;
padding: 6px;
}
}
‘;
let phenotypeHTML = `
‘;
let equilibriumNote = ”;
const isStandardCross = parent1Trait1 === ‘Aa’ && parent1Trait2 === ‘Bb’ && parent1Trait3 === ‘Cc’ &&
parent2Trait1 === ‘Aa’ && parent2Trait2 === ‘Bb’ && parent2Trait3 === ‘Cc’;
if (isStandardCross) {
const observedRatios = Object.values(phenotypes).sort((a, b) => b – a);
equilibriumNote = observedRatios.join(‘:’) === ’27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1′
? `
Hardy-Weinberg Check: Matches expected 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1 phenotype ratio for a standard trihybrid cross.` : `
Hardy-Weinberg Check: Deviates from expected 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1 ratio.`; } resultDiv.innerHTML = ` Punnett Square (Partial):
${tableHTML}
Genotype Ratios:
${genotypeHTML}
Phenotype Ratios:
${phenotypeHTML} ${equilibriumNote}
`; resultDiv.className = ‘success’; document.getElementById(‘copy-btn’).addEventListener(‘click’, () => { const text = ` Trihybrid Cross Results Trait 1: ${trait1Name} Trait 2: ${trait2Name} Trait 3: ${trait3Name} Parent 1 Genotype: ${parent1Trait1}${parent1Trait2}${parent1Trait3} Parent 2 Genotype: ${parent2Trait1}${parent2Trait2}${parent2Trait3} Genotype Ratios: ${Object.entries(genotypes).map(([g, c]) => `${g}: ${c}/${total}`).join(‘\n’)} Phenotype Ratios: ${Object.entries(phenotypes).map(([p, c]) => `${p}: ${c}/${total}`).join(‘\n’)} ${equilibriumNote ? `Interpretation:\n${equilibriumNote.replace(‘
Hardy-Weinberg Check: ‘, ”)}` : ”} `.trim(); navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(() => { alert(‘Results copied to clipboard!’); }); }); } catch (error) { resultDiv.innerHTML = `Error: ${error.message}`; resultDiv.className = ‘error’; } } function reset() { form.reset(); resultDiv.className = ”; resultDiv.innerHTML = ‘Enter trait names and genotypes, then click “Calculate”.’; trait1NameInput.focus(); } document.getElementById(‘calculate-btn’).addEventListener(‘click’, calculate); document.getElementById(‘reset-btn’).addEventListener(‘click’, reset); form.addEventListener(‘keypress’, function(e) { if (e.key === ‘Enter’ && e.target.tagName !== ‘BUTTON’) { e.preventDefault(); calculate(); } }); })();
Trihybrid Cross Punnett Square Calculator
Calculate genotype and phenotype ratios for a trihybrid cross.
AA (Homozygous Dominant)
Aa (Heterozygous)
aa (Homozygous Recessive)
BB (Homozygous Dominant)
Bb (Heterozygous)
bb (Homozygous Recessive)
CC (Homozygous Dominant)
Cc (Heterozygous)
cc (Homozygous Recessive)
AA (Homozygous Dominant)
Aa (Heterozygous)
aa (Homozygous Recessive)
BB (Homozygous Dominant)
Bb (Heterozygous)
bb (Homozygous Recessive)
CC (Homozygous Dominant)
Cc (Heterozygous)
cc (Homozygous Recessive)
Enter trait names and genotypes, then click “Calculate”.
JavaScript is disabled. Please enable it to use the calculator.
(function() {
if (!document.getElementById(‘trihybrid-cross-calculator’)) return;
const form = document.getElementById(‘calc-form’);
const trait1NameInput = document.getElementById(‘trait1-name’);
const trait2NameInput = document.getElementById(‘trait2-name’);
const trait3NameInput = document.getElementById(‘trait3-name’);
const parent1Trait1Select = document.getElementById(‘parent1-trait1’);
const parent1Trait2Select = document.getElementById(‘parent1-trait2’);
const parent1Trait3Select = document.getElementById(‘parent1-trait3’);
const parent2Trait1Select = document.getElementById(‘parent2-trait1’);
const parent2Trait2Select = document.getElementById(‘parent2-trait2’);
const parent2Trait3Select = document.getElementById(‘parent2-trait3’);
const resultDiv = document.getElementById(‘result’);
function getGametes(genotype) {
const alleles = genotype.split(”);
return alleles.length === 2 ? alleles.sort() : [alleles[0]];
}
function combineTraits(trait1, trait2, trait3) {
const result = [];
for (let a1 of trait1) {
for (let a2 of trait2) {
for (let a3 of trait3) {
result.push(a1 + a2 + a3);
}
}
}
return result.sort();
}
function getSortedGenotype(g1, g2) {
const trait1 = [g1[0], g2[0]].sort().join(”);
const trait2 = [g1[1], g2[1]].sort().join(”);
const trait3 = [g1[2], g2[2]].sort().join(”);
return trait1 + trait2 + trait3;
}
function getPhenotype(genotype, trait1Name, trait2Name, trait3Name) {
const trait1 = genotype.slice(0, 2);
const trait2 = genotype.slice(2, 4);
const trait3 = genotype.slice(4, 6);
const pheno1 = /[A]/.test(trait1) ? `Dominant ${trait1Name}` : `Recessive ${trait1Name}`;
const pheno2 = /[B]/.test(trait2) ? `Dominant ${trait2Name}` : `Recessive ${trait2Name}`;
const pheno3 = /[C]/.test(trait3) ? `Dominant ${trait3Name}` : `Recessive ${trait3Name}`;
return `${pheno1}, ${pheno2}, ${pheno3}`;
}
function calculate() {
resultDiv.className = ”;
resultDiv.innerHTML = ”;
try {
const trait1Name = trait1NameInput.value.trim() || ‘Trait 1’;
const trait2Name = trait2NameInput.value.trim() || ‘Trait 2’;
const trait3Name = trait3NameInput.value.trim() || ‘Trait 3’;
const parent1Trait1 = parent1Trait1Select.value;
const parent1Trait2 = parent1Trait2Select.value;
const parent1Trait3 = parent1Trait3Select.value;
const parent2Trait1 = parent2Trait1Select.value;
const parent2Trait2 = parent2Trait2Select.value;
const parent2Trait3 = parent2Trait3Select.value;
if (!trait1Name || !trait2Name || !trait3Name) {
throw new Error(‘All trait names are required.’);
}
if (!parent1Trait1 || !parent1Trait2 || !parent1Trait3 || !parent2Trait1 || !parent2Trait2 || !parent2Trait3) {
throw new Error(‘All genotypes must be selected.’);
}
const gametes1Trait1 = getGametes(parent1Trait1);
const gametes1Trait2 = getGametes(parent1Trait2);
const gametes1Trait3 = getGametes(parent1Trait3);
const gametes2Trait1 = getGametes(parent2Trait1);
const gametes2Trait2 = getGametes(parent2Trait2);
const gametes2Trait3 = getGametes(parent2Trait3);
const parent1Gametes = combineTraits(gametes1Trait1, gametes1Trait2, gametes1Trait3);
const parent2Gametes = combineTraits(gametes2Trait1, gametes2Trait2, gametes2Trait3);
const genotypes = {};
const phenotypes = {};
const punnettData = [];
for (let g1 of parent1Gametes) {
const row = [];
for (let g2 of parent2Gametes) {
const genotype = getSortedGenotype(g1, g2);
genotypes[genotype] = (genotypes[genotype] || 0) + 1;
const phenotype = getPhenotype(genotype, trait1Name, trait2Name, trait3Name);
phenotypes[phenotype] = (phenotypes[phenotype] || 0) + 1;
row.push({ genotype, phenotype });
}
punnettData.push(row);
}
const total = 64;
let tableHTML = `
| `; for (let g2 of parent2Gametes.slice(0, 4)) { tableHTML += ` | ${g2} | `; } tableHTML += `… | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ${parent1Gametes[i]} | `; for (let j = 0; j < 4; j++) { const cell = punnettData[i][j]; const cellClass = cell.phenotype.includes('Recessive') ? 'recessive' : 'dominant'; tableHTML += `${cell.genotype} | `; } tableHTML += `… | |||
| … | … | ||||
Note: Partial table shown due to 8×8 size (64 combinations).
`; let genotypeHTML = `| Genotype | Ratio |
|---|---|
| ${genotype} | ${genotypes[genotype]}/${total} (${(genotypes[genotype] / total * 100).toFixed(2)}%) |
| Phenotype | Ratio |
|---|---|
| ${phenotype} | ${phenotypes[phenotype]}/${total} (${(phenotypes[phenotype] / total * 100).toFixed(2)}%) |
Hardy-Weinberg Check: Matches expected 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1 phenotype ratio for a standard trihybrid cross.` : `
Hardy-Weinberg Check: Deviates from expected 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1 ratio.`; } resultDiv.innerHTML = ` Punnett Square (Partial):
${tableHTML}
Genotype Ratios:
${genotypeHTML}
Phenotype Ratios:
${phenotypeHTML} ${equilibriumNote}
`; resultDiv.className = ‘success’; document.getElementById(‘copy-btn’).addEventListener(‘click’, () => { const text = ` Trihybrid Cross Results Trait 1: ${trait1Name} Trait 2: ${trait2Name} Trait 3: ${trait3Name} Parent 1 Genotype: ${parent1Trait1}${parent1Trait2}${parent1Trait3} Parent 2 Genotype: ${parent2Trait1}${parent2Trait2}${parent2Trait3} Genotype Ratios: ${Object.entries(genotypes).map(([g, c]) => `${g}: ${c}/${total}`).join(‘\n’)} Phenotype Ratios: ${Object.entries(phenotypes).map(([p, c]) => `${p}: ${c}/${total}`).join(‘\n’)} ${equilibriumNote ? `Interpretation:\n${equilibriumNote.replace(‘
Hardy-Weinberg Check: ‘, ”)}` : ”} `.trim(); navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(() => { alert(‘Results copied to clipboard!’); }); }); } catch (error) { resultDiv.innerHTML = `Error: ${error.message}`; resultDiv.className = ‘error’; } } function reset() { form.reset(); resultDiv.className = ”; resultDiv.innerHTML = ‘Enter trait names and genotypes, then click “Calculate”.’; trait1NameInput.focus(); } document.getElementById(‘calculate-btn’).addEventListener(‘click’, calculate); document.getElementById(‘reset-btn’).addEventListener(‘click’, reset); form.addEventListener(‘keypress’, function(e) { if (e.key === ‘Enter’ && e.target.tagName !== ‘BUTTON’) { e.preventDefault(); calculate(); } }); })();