Amount of Substance Converter

About Moles (mol)

The mole (symbol: mol) is the SI base unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly $6.02214076 \times 10^{23}$ elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, $N_A$, when expressed in the unit $mol^{-1}$ and is called the Avogadro number.

The amount of substance, symbol $n$, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles. The mole is a cornerstone of chemistry, as it allows chemists to work with macroscopic quantities of substances while knowing the number of atoms or molecules involved.

• Stoichiometry in chemical reactions: Calculating reactants and products.
• Preparing solutions of known concentration (e.g., molarity expressed in mol/L).
• Gas laws (e.g., Ideal Gas Law $PV=nRT$): Relating volume, pressure, temperature, and amount of gas.
• Relating mass to number of particles using molar mass (g/mol).

• 1 kilomole (kmol) = $10^3$ mol
• 1 mole (mol) = $1$ mol
• 1 millimole (mmol) = $10^{-3}$ mol
• 1 micromole (µmol) = $10^{-6}$ mol
• 1 nanomole (nmol) = $10^{-9}$ mol
• 1 picomole (pmol) = $10^{-12}$ mol
• 1 femtomole (fmol) = $10^{-15}$ mol

• The molar mass of water (H₂O) is approximately 18.015 g/mol. So, 18.015 grams of water is approximately 1 mole of water molecules.
• A typical laboratory-scale chemical reaction might involve quantities from millimoles (mmol) to a few moles (mol).
• Industrial chemical production can involve thousands of moles (kilomoles, kmol) or even millions of moles (megamoles, Mmol).